Problem Statement and Justification Research Paper Example

Problem Statement and Justification Research Paper Example Problem Statement and Justification Paper Problem Statement and Justification Paper This research is to be conducted in response to the concerns that have been principally motivated by the disturbing racial crime statistics which have revealed relatively high levels of criminality and growing rates of incarcerations among the African and Hispanic American populations. Moreover, approximately 90% of youth gang members who are directly related to juvenile delinquency are non-whites (Schmalleger, 2007). Hence, special attention and emphasis should be given to racial ethnicity in discovering effective intervention strategies in crime prevention in order to employ appropriate strategies for the progress and development of the racial minorities who are often relegated as marginalized sectors of society. Literature Review All research must have a sound basis upon which the key facts and ideas are drawn. To carry out this research, it will be critical that a lot of information regarding the use and general applicability of LIFT programs is researched. This will not only enhance the reliability of the final research findings but will also serve as an indication of the authenticity of those findings so that they can be more acceptable. That aside, a thorough and extensive review of literature on the research topic will enable the research to narrow down its scope and become more specific by adopting specific research question to concentrate on and by enhancing the process of formulating appropriate hypotheses for the research. Youth Violence The level of violence among the young people has been alarming (Irving Darlington, 2001). The various child welfare groups have tended to wonder what could be done because it appears that once a child gets to his/her teen years, one starts to exhibit behavior that is totally unacceptable and out of the ordinary. This problem has been very rampant in this information age when many parents seem to care less about what their children are doing, believing that once a child is out to school it is the work of the teachers there to ensure the child is taught in the right manner, including behavioral ethics. On the other side, teachers have concentrated on formal lessons more than teaching morals to children. As a result, the school child is left to learn behavior from the peers with whom one frequently converses. If not, the child learns the behavior of the superstars in the movies one watches (Schneider, 2005). According to the social learning theory, children learn bad behavior from the people who matter to them. Therefore, it is critical that the child is exposed to the right people and programs so that lessons learnt are those that ideal and helpful (Adams, 2005). That is why a lot of emphasis has to be placed on the manner in which a child is brought. Given that the people with whom a child spends the most time in any given day are the parents and/or the teachers, these two hold the key to the future state of being for the child. And since aggressive behavior is learnt in early childhood but becomes manifest in teenage, it is the role of the parents and teachers to ensure that anything that might encourage or lead a child to adapt or develop aggressive behavior is dealt with appropriately (Schmalleger, 2007).

Tennessine Element Facts

Tennessine Element Facts Tennessine is element 117 on the periodic table, with the element symbol Ts and predicted atomic weight of 294. Element 117 is an artificially produced radioactive element  that was verified for inclusion on the periodic table in 2016. Interesting Tennessine Element Facts A Russian-American team announced the discovery of element 117 in 2010. The same team verified their results in 2012 and a German-American team successfully repeated the experiment in 2014. Atoms of the element were made by bombarding a berkelium-249 target with calcium-48 to produce Ts-297, which then decayed into Ts-294 and neutrons or into Ts-294 and neutrons. In 2016, the element was formally added to the periodic table.The Russian-American team proposed the new name Tennessine for element 117, in recognition of the contributions made by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. The elements discovery involved two countries and several research facilities, so it was anticipating naming might be problematic. However, multiple new elements were verified, making it easier to agree on names. The symbol is Ts because Tn is the abbreviation for the Tennessee state name.Based on its location on the periodic table, you might expect element 117 would be a halogen, like chlorine or bromi ne. However, scientists believe relativistic effects from the elements valence electrons will prevent tennessine from forming anions or achieving high oxidation states. In some respects, element 117 may more closely resemble a metalloid or post-transition metal. While element 117 may not behave like halogens chemically, it is likely physical properties like melting and boiling point will follow halogen trends. Of all the elements on the periodic table, ununseptium should most closely resemble astatine, which is directly above it on the table. Like astatine, element 117 will likely be a solid around room temperature. As of 2016, a total of 15 tennessine atoms have been observed: 6 in 2010, 7 in 2012, and 2 in 2014.At present, tennessine is only used for research. Scientists are investigating the properties of the element and using it to produce atoms of other elements through its decay scheme.There is no known or expected biological role of element 117. Its expected to be toxic, primarily because of its radioactive and very heavy. Element 117 Atomic Data Element Name/Symbol:  Tennessine (Ts), was formerly Ununseptium (Uus) from the IUPAC nomenclature or eka-astatine from the Mendeleev nomenclature Name Origin:  Tennessee, the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Discovery: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee, USA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (California, USA) and other US institutions in 2010 Atomic Number: 117 Atomic Weight: [294] Electron Configuration: predicted to be  [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p5 Element Group: p-block of group 17 Element Period: period 7 Phase: predicted to be solid at room temperature Melting Point:  623–823  K  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(350–550  Ã‚ °C, ​662–1022  Ã‚ °F)  (predicted) Boiling Point:  883  K ​(610  Ã‚ °C, ​1130  Ã‚ °F)  (predicted) Density: predicted to be  7.1–7.3  g/cm3 Oxidation States: The predicted oxidation states are -1, 1, 3, and 5, with the most stable states being 1 and 3 (not -1, like other halogens) Ionization Energy: The first ionization energy is predicted to be 742.9 kJ/mol Atomic Radius: 138 pm Covalent Radius: extrapolated to be 156-157 pm Isotopes: The two most stable isotopes of tennessine are Ts-294, with a half-life of about 51 milliseconds, and Ts-293, with a half-life around 22 milliseconds. Uses of Element 117: At present, ununseptium and the other superheavy elements are only used for research into their properties and to form other superheavy nuclei. Toxicity: Due to its radioactivity, element 117 presents a health risk.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Philosophy - Essay Example For this argument to proceed Aquinas’s idea is that human beings have to think of something as an effects of God and in the fourth way of argument, this thing is the best effect of God The understanding of the Aquinas’s arguments for the existence of god therefore begins with the analysis of his gradation criteria. He talks about good, better, and best. He finds some things to be â€Å"better†, true, and noble while others are less good, true or noble respectively (Elders, 114). In this way of argument, it is difficult to integrate his arguments especially when it comes to this kind of comparison. Many philosophers and researchers have questioned his arguments asking questions. For example if comparing two or more things, then you say that A is better than B, is Aquinas trying to assert that there is something better compared to the two and many others whose perfection cannot be challenged? This forms the basis for criticisms of the Aquinas fourth argument. The c hallenge here is to prove that there is actually something that is perfect beyond improvement. However as observed by Soccio (228), it would be misleading to argue that given a number of things with different degrees of goodness, there is one among those things that would not be possible to make any changes with regard to improving it. In other words, he asserts that there is no point believing Aquinas’s idea that there is something perfect beyond improvement. It therefore forms the weaker point of the Aquinas arguments since he believes that if we have to group different things together, yes we will have some of the best things, however, it would still be possible to improve that thing with regard to the degree of goodness. It is also possible to improve better to become better than the best. Another critic of Aquinas’s fourth way of argument is that he describes God in a sequence of being best among a group but denies later in the proceeding metaphors that he cannot group him in a group of the same kinds. In the next lines, he states that he does not think of God as the best or a group of things that can be graded together with respect to intelligent (Soccio, 230). The question therefore is; how can you compare things as good, better and best or truer, nobler, etc if in the first place you can’t group them together or they are not similar? In this way, it does not explain or describe the truth about the existence of God in this fourth way of argument because it is not clear. While Aquinas describes the effects, it is also important to note that we can only compare things with similar characteristics but God has no characteristics similar to any as he explains. However other philosophers have argued that this use of parallel texts is not misleading but it is misinterpreted by the individual’s readers of the Aquinas texts. According to Wippel (469), the perfections mentioned by the Aquinas are the transcendental perfections. In this context the interpretation of things like the â€Å"more† or less do not necessarily mean that the arguments are based on the things that are perceived by the senses and known by the intellect. In this point of view, the true of the text does not refer to the logical truth of intellect but to the ontological truth of things. With this regard, it is

A case brief of the Scottish decision in Robertson v Anderson [2002] Essay

A case brief of the Scottish decision in Robertson v Anderson [2002] ScotCS 312 - Essay Example The trial court found in favour of the pursuer. In the Court of Session held that there was no argument related to an intention to effect legal relations. It was argued that a promise or agreement would be binding only if the promisor intended to enter into a legally enforceable agreement. The Court of Session considered the critical issue to be ‘Whether the talk between the parties amounted to an agreement with binding effect or a ‘statement of future intention of a non-binding character?’ The decision of the Court of Session was that there was a special agreement as to the national prize on previous occasions, and that this pointed to a conclusion that such agreement was seriously intended. It was also held that the defender’s conduct suggested that she considered the agreement to share the prize and that the parties intended the game to be an informal joint venture which doubled their chances of winning the

Body and Performance Art Essay Example for Free

Body and Performance Art Essay Body art, which is to say, the use of the artists body as a medium, stage and avenue for the exhibition of a particular inspiration and ideology, is closely and mostly defined by feminist art. With tones of subversiveness which picks up after postmodernism, critics argue that the use of the body as an art medium, or all forms of body and performance art is a naive essentialism which is necessarily exploited in the art world. Either through live performance art, or captured stills of the human body as a necessary canvass of inspiration and ideology splattered with an assortment of colors, of paint, piercings, tattoos, and similar instance of aesthetical decorations, body art is and should be considered a formidable, and at the very least, real artform, because it reflects the idea and creative proclivities of one person, and translates it from the abstract to the concrete. Body and performance art may be considered by some as an act of subversion and a deviation from conventional and traditional forms of art, but for the most part, it evokes the complexity of humanity, in its purest, most raw and unedited form, and despite other issue which could lie therein, the aforementioned qualities encapsulates what art is essentially and fundamentally about.

Kerensky handed over power to the Bolsheviks Essay -- Russia Bolshevik

"Kerensky handed power to the Bolsheviks" By October 1917 the Winter Palace of St Petersburg was overthrown by the Bolshevik party of Russia. Historians have deliberated for years on why this event occurred, one viewpoint taken is it was the fault of the detested Alexander Kerensky, prime-minister of Russia. Accusations that Kerensky handed power to the Bolsheviks are not unfounded, he conducted some disastrous policies, but was this Kerensky's fault, or was he being pressured by the unruly monarchists and rightists of Russia, did fear of a bloody cout d?ÃÆ'Â ©tat force him into passing measures such as the restoration of the death penalty? Was Kerensky's failure inevitable after the miserable spells of Lvov and Milyukov as leaders of the Provisional government? It is too easy to state that the revolution in Russia was one man's fault, despite Kerensky's perpetual mistakes there were a lot of other factors, such as the role of Trotsky and Lenin that must be taken into account. An indelible failure of Alexander Kerensky was his refusal to bring Russia out of the war. Kerensky had been hired as Lvov successor due to his belligerent and aggressive nature against the Bolsheviks so his continuation of the war was not unexpected (especially coming from the position Minister of War). However Kerensky was quite arrogant in thinking that a war that had brought down the Romanov dynasty of over 300 years and saw the dismissal of Milyukov and Guchov (after they embarrassingly promised to carry on with the war effort after telling the people they would not) would not hinder his leadership. The burden of the war on the people was devastating as resources were being sent to the front also troops at the rear were becoming increasingly frustrat... ...ro to solve them, the war was straining all their resources, the workers were in constant rebellion and the army were no longer under the Provisional Government?s control, also the polarisation of political Russia was worrying. Kerensky came to be a leader because he was a bridge between the right and left, but that bridge burned and Kerensky was left alone with no support. His handling of the Kornilov affair was his biggest downfall, personally I think he should have never appointed Kornilov as Command in Chief, he was reactionary and had a past record of disregarding rules, Brusilov was a better option because of his democratic appeal. When Kornilov came into the picture the left support of Kerensky disappeared as well as the right, at this moment the Provisional Government was over. Kerensky didn?t give the Bolsheviks power but made it exceedingly easy for them.

Research Credibility And Research Ethical Issues Education Essay

This chapter is about research method that we have applied for this thesis and the grounds that why we have choose this method in our research. In this subdivision, this survey ‘s research method is started with Research scheme, research types, informations aggregation techniques which we have followed. Furthermore, we will speak about research credibleness and research ethical issues. Students and research workers have to happen out the best suitable manner to depict and document their proceedings, findings, thesis and thesiss depending upon the features every bit good as nature of the research. There are two chief methods to document a research: Qualitative research and Quantitative research. Before traveling into the inside informations of our preferable pick, we would wish to convey our clearer position to both footings. Quantitative research, in its simplest significances, is more appropriate when the difference in footings of measurings and sums ( more or less, bigger or smaller, frequently or rarely ) is to be studied ( Thomas R.M, 2003 ) . Seal ( 1999 ) argues that in quantitative research, research workers can utilize tabular arraies of Numberss based on standardised measuring devices which are introduced and described in the literature to sum up the measurings. Thomas ( 2003 ) defined quantitative research as followers: â€Å" Quantitative research uses Numberss and statistical methods. It tends to be based on numerical measurings of specific facets of phenomena ; it abstracts from peculiar cases to seek general description or to prove causal hypotheses ; it seeks measurings and analyses that are easy replicable by other research workers † . In the contrast, qualitative research is more concerned in the reading of events and societal behaviours ( Thomas R.M, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Cresswell ( 2007 ) qualitative research is an inquiry procedure of understanding based on distinguishable methodological traditions of enquiry that explore a societal or human job. A research worker builds a complex, holistic image, analyzes the universe, studies detailed positions of sources and conducts the survey in natural scene. Thomas ( 2003 ) defined qualitative research as followers: â€Å" Qualitative research is multi-methods in focal point, affecting and interpretative realistic attack to its capable affair. This means that qualitative research workers study things in their natural scenes, trying to do sense of, or interpret phenomena in footings of significances people bring to them. Qualitative research involves the studied usage and aggregation of a assortment of empirical stuffs – instance survey, personal experience, introspective, life narrative, interview, experimental, historical, interactive and ocular texts that describe everyday and debatable minutes and significances in people ‘s lives † . Qualitative research can be achieved through many informations aggregation methods such as observation, interviews, focal point groups and paperss and others ( Fisher et al. , 2007 ) . The nature of our research inquiry clearly indicates that we need a elaborate and deep survey about the issue. A qualitative survey is utile attack to acquire deep apprehension ( Creswell, 2007 ) and research inquiries get downing with why or how are hard to quantify, which is cause of a qualitative attack recommendation for such types of research inquiries that have an exploratory research methodological analysis ( Yin, 2003 ) . Along with the research inquiry, this research survey is aimed to intensify the apprehension of Virtual University ‘s working in Pakistan. This aspect strengthens our pick to carry on a qualitative research along with several others e.g. nature of research inquiries. Our purpose is seeking to happen an reply that what benefits are being provided by practical university i n Pakistan. Benefits ca n't be step and taken into an sum particularly in our research survey. Some may reason that benefits can be step in currency or something else but that ‘s really rarely and in rather different scenes. Second, the chief research inquiry focuses on how does ICT supported distance instruction work in Pakistan. This inquiry ca n't be answered in magnitudes and measurings. Aforesaid conditions set qualitative research as best option for us to follow in order to carry on this research survey and reply the research inquiries.Research SchemeYin ( 1994 ) besides describes different intents of research: explanatory, Exploratory and descriptive. Harmonizing to Yin ( 1994 ) , a research worker can utilize a research scheme to on the footing of its attack and features. Research method is important to the acquisition of scientific values and cognition as explained by Marczyk et Al. ( 2005 ) : â€Å" Science can be defined as a methodological and systematic attack to the acquisition of new cognition † . Supplemented by ( Bryman 2001, confirm it with the mention manner ) explicit findings gathered through systematic attack harmonizing to the research inquiry ( s ) should be included in the every research. Our research survey has twofold intent: to understand the working of ICT supported engineerings in Pakistan and how the ICT can be used and implemented to carry through the educational demands and maximal benefits. The encephalon storming session started with the phenomenal success of Virtual University of Pakistan. Virtual University is the first, yet one and merely, of its sort in Pakistan and have a phenomenal success ratio along with the high quality instruction. The formless and unorganised brainstorming to this research essay was started with the construct of vitamin E acquisition in Pakistan. E acquisition is widely accepted all over the universe and believed to hold its blend in instruction sector and has already formed a new movi ng ridge of larning system, although, the descent of distance acquisition is associated to late 1800. Virtual university in Pakistan was inaugurated in March 2002. The thought behind the development of this establishment was to utilize the antecedently established substructure ( for conventional acquisition institutes ) and provide quality instruction with a blend of handiness and flexibleness. During our pre-study and unstructured encephalon ramping stage, we came across the fact the intercrossed acquisition theoretical account is chiefly used for such sort of undertakings. We started to research the research country by researching vitamin E acquisition in its different forms in general, different theoretical accounts for vitamin E acquisition, engineerings used for vitamin E acquisition, in house and off the shelf merchandises and solutions to different challenges. This later was followed by concentrating on vitamin E acquisition in Pakistan and its success during past twosome of old ages. This literature survey helped us to contract down the research subject with a well defined focal point point, define the job country to work upon and form good structured research inquiries. Pre survey along with the literature survey besides helped us to develop the theoretical foundation of our research survey. The information for research survey, including both certification provided by the university forces and in-detail interviews with forces stand foring Virtual University of Pakistan and the pupils of Virtual University of Pakistan. Students will be selected i ndiscriminately and will be contacted for interviews to forestall the influence of some specific group representation. The interviews and informations gathered will be analyzed by utilizing the analysis model and will be presented in the analysis subdivision of this study. There are diverse manners of research surveies out at that place. This research essay is influenced from pragmatism and positivism with a blend of explanatory survey. Pragmatism focuses on thought and work outing jobs in a realistic manner. Oxford University imperativeness defined pragmatism as â€Å" believing about work outing jobs in a practical and reasonable manner instead than by holding fixed thoughts and theories † [ mention ] where as Cambridge online dictionary defines it as â€Å" when you deal with a job in a realistic manner instead than obeying theories and fixed regulations † . Positivism in its significances defined by Oxford University Press is â€Å" a system of doctrine based on things that can be seen or approved, instead than on thoughts † . Our research survey is explanatory in nature as explanatory research survey is used to intensify the cognition of the object field and to seek the comprehension. Positivism and pragmatism are clearly defi ned in the academic literature and possibly hold really good formed boundaries in the literature but when it is the instance to implement them in pattern, they sometimes overlap. However we are non claiming that our research have purely followed any of these, since they are wide constructs in scientific debate, but saying our research survey has sunglassess of these comprehensive constructs. Our research survey is explanatory and we think it ‘s instead of import to advert what type of cognition is sought and aimed for given that there are several types and classifications and unmeasurable cognition bing in a assortment of formats out at that place, and the replies every bit good as analysis might hold different intensions depending upon the sort of cognition is aimed for. Sociology section at Ohio province university has categorized the intent of research as followers: Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory. The intent of explorative research surrounds the finds in the focussed subject and unveils the facts about it. It besides helps in the preparation of inquiries, set waies and provides the feasibleness of future surveies. Specific inside informations of the state of affairs are studied in Descriptive Research with a well formed and focused research inquiry. Whereas, Explanatory research focuses on the ground behind the state of affairs being or have been occur red. Explanatory research usually uses theory and much of the research being published in diary presents is explanatory [ Ohio State University ] . While composing a research essay, along with other deliberations, it was taken attention at a great extent to supply the fullness cognition of the topic to the reader. A reader of an academic research essay can be a cognition searcher, a pupil, an industry professional and a research bookman. A reader should besides be able to happen out the connectivity and the ruddy yarn throughout the research survey. Whereas the research survey should, in itself, be able to exhibit connectivity, grounds and scientific debate every bit good as the outgrowth of the research country and research job. To guarantee this, we found thematic construction good suited for our intent. Thematic construction, in linguistics, as defined by Wikipedia has three intents in it as followers: â€Å" to convey given information and new information † â€Å" capable and predicate † â€Å" Frame and penetration † The actual procedure, nevertheless, from the really get downing to stop was literary since the cognition retrieved from the literature, the pre-study stage and the information received from different beginnings was gathered, processed and analyzed in different unit of ammunitions and so was added to the research study. To guarantee the connectivity, we besides plotted the summery to each chapter at the terminal and an debut was to the chapter was besides placed at the start of each chapter. We categorized the day of the month in each chapter with part classs called as headers and sub subdivisions called as subheadings to guarantee the hierarchal construction of the study and, slightly, do it instead easier for the reader to understand. The undermentioned figure shows the stairss taken and the procedure to finish the research survey.Datas assemblageDifferent type can be used during a research survey to beef up the research and support findings. Date gathered during the survey besides richens the quality of research and back up the treatment and analysis ( Seals 1999 ) . During our survey, we found three basic types of informations assemblage are appropriate for to back up our debate ; Interviews, observations and certification ( Seals, 1999 ) . Different types of informations garnering techniques non merely back up the cogency of the information gathered and assist in the generalisation. Furthermore, cyberspace was besides used as secondary type to garner quality informations ( Creswell, 2007 ) but besides fortify the research to organize the triangulation in the research survey. Additionally, cyberspace was besides used as a secondary type for day of the month assemblage.Interview usher coevalsAn interview usher in dicates the subjects and sequence of these subjects in the interview, which should be prepared before carry oning the interview ( Kvale, 1996 ) . Our interview usher ( Appendix No ) contains inquiries which we selected to maintain in position the focal point of our survey. We have unfastened inquiries to acquire maximal information from interviewees. Nodoubt replies of such inquiries hard to compare with each others ( interviewees ) , but its sure that the subject of these replies will be common ( Ostbye et Al. 2003:143 ) .InterviewsInterviews were the basic component of our informations assemblage scheme as mentioned earlier. Harmonizing to Yin ( 2003 ) in information assemblage and analyzing, interviews are the basic and cardinal beginnings. Since we have adopted a qualitative attack in order to carry on our survey so the possibility to plan questionnaires was eliminated. Harmonizing to Preece et Al ( 2003 ) there are four types of interviews: Structured, Semi Structured, Unstruct ured and group interviews. Whereas group interviews are more a sort of treatment in which interviewer has less control over the interview activity. The remainder ; semi structured, structured and unstructured interviews provide much control to the interviews in the signifier of predefined set of inquiries. Preece et Al, ( 2003 ) besides argued about the pick of interviews types depending upon the aim and the research inquiries. Our research inquiries and aim has set us to plan semi-structured interviews since the purpose is to hold an overall apprehension of the working of ICT based distance larning in Pakistan. Harmonizing to Preece et Al, ( 2003 ) semi structured interviews are more appropriate when the purpose is to acquire a comprehension or feed back to some specific issue. Semi structured interviews are a blend of structured and unstructured interviews dwelling both unfastened and closed inquiries. In order to keep consistence, we designed interviews so that we can get down qu estioning in a pre-planned manner and subsequently can delve deeper into the subject and question the interviewee to acquire the really relevant information. Now we would wish to convey our reader to our designed construction of the interview.Structure of the interviewIn order to plan the interviews, we followed preece et Al, ( 2003 ) who outlined 5 chief Sessionss in an interview viz. ; Introduction session, warm up session, chief session, cool – off session and shutting session. Introductory session: apparent by its name, both interviewees and interviewer were officially introduced to each other and the aim of the research was explained to the interviewee. Confidentiality and other ethical issues were besides discussed and got approved during this session. Warm up session: non endangering inquiries were posed during this session to garner basic information about the interviewee and his/her duties in the organisation. E.g. for how long have you been working in this organisation? Main session: Main session consisted of the inquiries to adhere the job and was focused to reply the research inquiries. Questions in chief session were good aligned to garner the basic apprehension to the really elaborate information about the focussed subject. Cool off session: cool off Sessionss consisted of instead of import and unfastened inquiry to proceeding towards the terminal of the interview. E.g. would you like add any more item? Closing session: interviewer thanks to the interviewee and switches off the entering signaling that interviewee has ended. Not holding so much structurised interviews entertained interviewees with a less controlled environment which helped them to explicate their position and point of views in a different angle and their engagement towards the topic. This sort of interview technique besides has disadvantages as there is no clear boundary to specify what lies outside of the aim and how to command the interviewee and mold them back to the subject.Interview SelectionDifferent informations aggregation motive has different grade of interview constructions. When selected the interview construction there are a few different types to see in order justifying that why the particular type was chosen. â€Å" At one extreme is the structured interview, where the interviewer asks the respondent a preset set of inquiries which can non be changed or restructured. An unstructured interview on the other manus, takes on an opposite attack. In such an interview the respondent is able to speak freely about the subject without any guidance or influence from the interviewer ( Teorell & A ; Svensson, 2006 ) . In between these two extremes is the semi-structured interview where the preparation of the inquiries can change depending on the respondent. The interviewer merely uses an interview usher with a few subjects and issues that need to be covered ( Fisher, 2007 ) . The pick of the degree of construction should be guided by the intent of the research † ( Franzen & A ; Gunes 2008 ) . We selected semi-structure interviews because we want to give the interviewee the opportunity to lend more without interrupting and restricting. Our intent to choose semi-structure interview is that the interviewee non merely answer to our inquiries, but besides can show extra point ‘s remarks which may lend to the research even further. In add-on, Franzen & A ; Gunes ( 2008 ) explain: â€Å" Furthermore, semi-structured interviews will enable adaptation to each respondent and interview scene by al- mooing us to: alteration preparations of the inquiries, reorder them, and follow up with new inquiries if needed. A job with a less structured attack is the increased trouble of transporting out the analysis due to the complexness of the information gathered ( Holme & A ; Solvang, 1997 ) . However, we believe the additions will be superior to this drawback. †Respondent / Interviewee Preparation and SchedulingThe choice of interviewee or respondent is really of import because right information is merely acquire from relevant individual. In order to acquire information about first portion of our thesis â€Å" working of ICT based instruction † , we selected managerial staff that has complete background, history and current position of VU undertaking. For this intent foremost we get elaborate information like appellations, functions and responsibilities of al l employees from all sections of VU. As this was hard undertaking but we clearly mentioned our intent of research, which prepare their head to collaborate with us. To acquire in contact with the right individuals we started by reaching the highest possible employees by electronic mail. Many phone calls and electronic mails were necessary to happen the right individual, and agree on an interview day of the month. These are all people with busy agendas and any assignment had to be done early. Since clip is money it is of import non to blow the interviewee ‘s clip. Being good prepared and holding clear inquiries will do the interview a reasonably speedy and easy procedure for all parts involved ( Kvale, S. 1996 ) . Interview is non merely manner to aggregation of informations even building of informations ( Kvale, 1996 ) . In order to hold entree of inteviewees ‘ informations for subsequently utilize a location and a recording device is necessary. The most appropriate campaigners for interviews were the proficient staff and managerial staff of VU because they can supply coveted information.Table: Structure of IntervieweesSr. # .Intervi ewees ‘ NameDesignation & A ; DepartmentNumber of InterviewsWay of InterviewInterview Plan / ProceduresWe will take up interview with a brief debut of ourselves, grounds to carry on interview and background of our research undertaking. Furthermore, we will besides acquire bio informations of our selected interviewees to understand their cognition and experience in relevant country ( Briony, 2006 ) . Bing good prepared and holding clear inquiries will do the interview a reasonably speedy and easy procedure for all parts involved ( Kvale, S. 1996 ) . Normally our interview clip will be in between 50 to 70 proceedingss to guarantee our interviewee non experience wastage of clip, and will seek to do the interviewees feel comfy and free. We will besides maintain in position all regulations and ordinances of interview like our functions, environment and inquiries type which will be asked. Our function being an interviewer good behaved and will take to normal conversation ( Ostbye et al.2003:104 ) . In our instance, we can non carry on face to confront interview which is really expensive and clip wastage for us travel to Pakistan. So, we will carry on interview by utilizing Skype and electronic mail. As we could non cognize the environment of interviewee ‘s topographic point but we will carry on interview at that day of the month and clip which will be executable for interviewees. There are different ways to carry on interview, for illustration by mail, electronic mail, telephone, VoIP, or face to face. We will prefer electronic mail and VoIP ( Skype ) . We decided that we will carry on foremost interview by electronic mail, the end product of this interview and from this interview we will develop follow-up inquiries. After first electronic mail interview analysis, we will carry on 2nd interview by Skype which give us the chance to inquire follow-up inquiries to acquire more elaborate information.InstrumentalityaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ .DocumentsSeveral types of paperss were collected from the forces stand foring of Virtual University of Pakistan to understand the working of the organisation. However, we do n't claim that all facets of organisational working were got into attending e.g. fiscal affairs, policy affairs. These paperss helped us to understand the initial set up phase of VU, intents of VU undertakin g, contents development, contents bringing, pupil instructor interaction, Learning Management system and many others things which we do non believe suited to add in our research. Most of these paperss were gathered electronically in digital signifier. Some of them were for public usage and can besides found on the Virtual University ‘s web site and some were confidential and the exclusive intent to present them was to hold a better apprehension. These paperss provide us valuable information which helped us to construction more appropriate interview inquiries.Use of literatureWe conducted a literature reappraisal to supply the rational job country and place of our research to the current literature within the subjects of involvement ( Creswell, 2007 ) . We preferred the choice of those articles about e-learning which are largely cited or referenced by other writers. Articles are primary based on scientific articles found from the Electronic Library Information Navigator ( ELIN ) and the Internet, complemented with commonly well-recognized mention literature. To seek relevant informations, we used keywords of † e-learning † , â€Å" e-learning system † , â€Å" ICT based acquisition † , † ICT based instruction † , â€Å" Virtual Education † , â€Å" Virtual University † , and † Virtual Learning † in different combinations. We besides used books which were issued from Economic School ‘s Library every bit good as used e-book. We took initial measure to research about e-learning from an e-book † Theory and Practice of Online Learning † . These beginnings of information were used to acquire elaborate information about e-learning basic constructs, e-learning system, e-learning theoretical accounts, larning techniques and methods used for research in this country of survey. This was done to reexamine Published literature from e-libraries, books, diaries and documents related to the proposed subject. The literature reappraisal provide context of our research and state approximately work done by others research workers antecedently in this country of survey ( Dawson, 2005 ) . Literature has been an of import portion of research survey with an purpose to roll up the beginnings of literature from both, bookmans and E larning practicians. Of class, at some certain points we had to contract down our research merely on the E acquisition in Pakistan. We collected scholarly articles and research documents to lighten up and intensify our constructs about E larning. We besides used on-line web beginnings and hunt engines ( Google, yokel ) and lexicons, wherever we found it dependable, to do us better understand different constructs and show them in the most appropriate manner to our reader. After roll uping literary stuff, while construing it we found it instead of import to hold a critical position on the beginnings every bit good as the stuff itself since some of the stuff was instead old and was showing rather different expression as compared to current times. Whereas some of the recent research articles glorifies the present tendencies.Datas AnalysisData analy sis is stems the research work and is an of import portion. Data analysis has some certain stairss as argued by Miles and Huberman ( 1994 ) , informations analysis consists of informations decrease, informations show and informations Marczyk et Al ( 2005 ) â€Å" in most type of research surveies, the procedure of informations analysis involves the undermentioned three stairss: ( 1 ) fixing the information for analysis, ( 2 ) analysing the information and ( 3 ) construing the information † . In our research survey, the first measure fixing informations was performed in the signifier of literature reappraisal and the survey of paperss provided by the practical university forces which in title was a uninterrupted and iterative procedure.Research QualityIt is of import to warrant that a research survey has dependability and cogency. In this subdivision, we are traveling to show that how we have worked and followed the cogency and dependability which are belong to the scientific quality research ( Creswell, 2007 ; Seale, 1999 ) . Furthermore, Bias and Ethical motives are besides discussed to back up the research quality of our thesis. Research dependability and cogency are two factors that must be considered to do the research trustworthy ( Bjorklund & A ; Paulsson, 2003 ) . In our research cogency is concerned in which extent we truly measured what we set out to mensurate, and dependability is concerned that our consequences will be same if our research consequences probe by person once more with the same set of instruments.DependabilityaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦by MraˆÂ ¦ WaqasaˆÂ ¦ .CogencyKvale ( 1996 ) describes cogency is â€Å" a method investigates what it is intended to look into. † In our survey, the interview cogency are chiefly involves if we can right understand what the interviewee mean. As Kvale ( 1996 ) provinces when choose the transcript ‘s lingual manner it is besides of import to accomplish valid interlingual rendition from the unwritten to written certification. Therefore, we checked the text with our interviewee after transcribing. We send th em our written text of their sentiment, if some parts of the written text they do non hold, we will pass on with them and modify the written text.aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦by MraˆÂ ¦ WaqasaˆÂ ¦ .Ethical motivesEthical behaviour helps to protect persons, communities and environments, and offers the potency to increase the amount of good in the universe ( Israel, 2006 ) . Bing responsible research workers, we have to do certain our behaviours will non harm any participants who are belonging to our research procedure during research or after the publication of concluding study. So to do certain good moralss in the research, we informed interviewees by electronic mail and by telephone ( Appendix No ) about issues including the research subject, research inquiry, research range, informations confidentiality, privateness, personal individuality, research result and the questionnaires ( Appendix No ) before interview. It has besides been indicated to I nterviewees that what may go on to the informations, including its possible usage in any studies or publications because this survey might be used by the other people subsequently. So, we managed this research in this manner that there should non be any harm to interviewees and their institute. To maintain in position Privacy, namelessness and confidentiality factors ; interviewees have been informed that they can retreat from the interview without stipulating any ground ( Singer & A ; Vinson, 2002 ) . For better apprehension, the canned interview informations will direct back to interviewees to verify that everything harmonizing to interviewees ‘ words of oral cavity and non any alteration has made in their replies. In add-on, interviewee knows the intent of utilizing the information and where it will be used. Therefore, the empirical informations used in this survey should non harm any interviewee ( Israel & A ; Hay, 2006 ) . Informed consent, confidentiality, and the function of the research worker are the ethical guidelines ( Kvale, 1996 ) , so we make certain that our interviewees will non hold any job to understand our research subjects and information which we want to acquire from them, for illustration, our intent of research, nature of research, who is the research worker, how long is the interview will take, how we will utilize their informations and how to circulating the research findings ( Briony 2006 ) . Furthermore, the interviewees have been requested kindly for their cooperation and non oblige them for participate in our researchBiasTo guarantee high quality research survey, research worker should believe over the prejudice. A research worker should progress into a research with a clear and unfastened head in order to avoid any prejudice to act upon the terminal consequence ( Backman, 1998 ; Oates, 2006 ) . There is no clear definition of prejudice but it can be related to prepossession and bias ( Hammersley & A ; Gomm, 1997 ) . Harmonizing to Harmmersley and Gomm ( 1997 ) , prejudice has considered a positive characteristic because prejudice reveals concealed facets of phenomena. Unbiased research non merely concentrating on our ain believes and premises, but give importance to others point of positions and experiences. We address the possible prejudice by reflecting and showing our place as research workers. â€Å" A consideration of ego as a research worker and ego in relation to the subject of research is a stipulation for get bying with prejudice. † ( Norris, 1997, pp. 3 ) . We besides be self-critical throughout the full work ( Norris, 1997 ) , we tried to hold periodical treatments among our group members and had critical analysis about the pros and cons of our theoretical model, methods and findings. We purely follow right path and follow the way which we had planed every bit good as we tried to be cognizant when, how and why we have deviated from the planned path. Our scheme leads us to come back on right path.â€Å" Naqash and Waqas can add more ideas harmonizing to your experiences †

Realization

WHAT IS SELF REALIZATION SCIENCE OF SELF REALIZATION JOURNEY TO SELF REALIZATION MASTER OF SELF REALIZATION MORE SITEMAP WHAT IS SELF-REALIZATION? Self-Realization is a scientific process which reveals a new vision and understanding so that you have: Freedom from worries and fear Scientific solutions to inner and external conflicts Smoother relationships Inner peace Equanimity amid any circumstances Eternal happiness Experience of your true eternal Self Experience the depths of spirituality while fulfilling your worldly responsibilities Have you stopped to wonder what the goal of human life might be?While each day contains unique quests for happiness, any happiness we do attain remains with us only temporarily. Then, after each phase of happiness passes, have you noticed that only an underlying dissatisfaction remains inside? This dissatisfaction prompts the next quest for happiness which again is, by nature, temporary. And so the cycle continues.. Aware of this, you may question whe ther permanent happiness even exists; and if it did, how could it be attained? The answer is Yes, it does exist. Permanent happiness is, the goal of human life and is experienced continuously upon attaining Self-realization.But what exactly is Self-realization? It is to know and experience directly who You really are! By discovering the real eternal nature of â€Å"Who am I†, true permanent happiness is attained. When asked â€Å"Who are YOU†, most people will answer â€Å"I am William† But this name is only a title given to identify your body, just as store names such as Wal-mart and Tesco are given simply to specify the store's presence. In reality, â€Å"YOU† are the owner of your name and not the name itself. If this were not true, how could your name be changed countless times even while â€Å"YOU† remain the same inside?Before Self-realization, it is natural to identify with your name and with the countless temporary qualities that are believ ed to be â€Å"YOU†. But who YOU really are is beyond all of these temporary identifications, for â€Å"YOU† are eternal, and permanent happiness itself. Self-realization is to experience the nature of your very own Self, from that vantage point, to understand the non-self known as â€Å"William†. To attain Self Realization through Gnan Vidhi (free) from PujyaShri Deepakbhai Send Email To: [email  protected] in What is Self realization?Self realization foundation Center for Self realization Science of Self realization Process of Self realization Science of human nature Science of karma Journey to Self realization Before Self realization After Self realization Master of Self realization Pujya Niruma Pujya Deepakbhai Attain Self realization Path to Self realization Achieve Self realization Ultimate Self realization Self realization religion Self realization temple Self realization meditation Quick Links Articles Experiences TV Programs Spiritual Discourses Self Realization Videos Self Realization BooksSpiritual Glossary Our Sites dadabhagwan. org enlightenment. in dadabhagwan. in dadabhagwan. de www. dadabhagwan. es hindi. dadabhagwan. org Copyright  © 2008-2009 Dada Bhagwan Foundation To Top Self-Realization Home / Articles  · Awareness Software  · Chakras  · Yantras  · Free Yoga Software  · Yoga Portal The concept of self-realization has became very popular since the founding of Self-Realization Fellowship by Paramahansa Yogananda. But what does it really mean when we talk about self-realization? The Webster's Dictionary defines self-realizationism as: The ethical theory that the highest good for man consists in realizing or fulfilling himself usually on the assumption that he has certain inborn abilities constituting his real or ideal self. † Further, Webster's defines self-realization as: â€Å"The fulfillment by oneself of the possibilities of one's character or personality. † However, such Dictionary explanat ions are not really very enlightening for anyone on the spiritual path. This is not really surprising, since the scholarly interpretation of what constitutes the Self is not on the same level as the interpretations of our Philosophers.While dictionaries normally refer to the entire person, the individual, or to a person in his best normal physical and mental condition, Philosophers refer to the Self as pure Consciousness, pure Awareness, pure Beingness, Atman, or even God. Philosophers have mentioned the act of self-realization for centuries. Ramana Maharshi talked about it and Shankara before him. Most of us identify the Self with body and mind and therefore find it difficult to equate God with the Self. Simply equating God with the Self can sound like sacrilege or the product of a megalomaniac.But when the Self is explained as pure Awareness, which means without thought and without individual identification (ego) of any kind, then it is clear that megalomania and sacrilege is not really an option because that would require an ego. Understanding the Self as pure Awareness brings us closer to the understanding of self-realization. If the Self is pure Awareness, then all we have to do to realize the Self is to quiet our thinking. Where there is no thinking, there is no ego. Where there is no ego, there is the Self. After all, we do not really cease to exist when we cease to think.This condition of being aware of one's Self reveals one's own eternal Being. Since God is pure Awareness and our Self is pure Awareness, the two really compare as the water drop compares to the large body of water. Thus, while it is not correct to say the Self is God, it is correct to say that the Self has the same qualities as God and is in no way different. God and the Self can only be understood as omnipresent Awareness. Since the Self is already there at the center of our Being, Self-awareness is actually a more correct term than self-realization because realization implies a first Self that could realize another, second Self.However, there is only one Self and to realize the Self means to BE that Self. Only the ego can speak of realizing the Self but only the Self can be the Self. The trick lies in distinguishing the Real (the Self) from the unreal (the ego) and that is accomplished entirely by moving our attention away from the unreal and keeping it focused on the Real, the experience of I-AM. Because we all erroneously identify with the ego, or the combination of body and mind, all efforts to realize the Self are falsely felt as an attempt of self-destruction.For that reason, in his â€Å"Autobiography of a Yogi† Paramahansa Yogananda quoted both Shankara and Ramana Maharshi. Shankara: â€Å"Knowledge cannot spring up by any other means than the inquiry: Who am I? † For a complete guide to self-awareness, see our paperback Awareness – The Center of Being. Other formats: Software Edition (runs on Windows PC); Kindle eBook (available on Amazon). Previous: Proof for the Existence of GodNext: Saints and Mystics Home | Website Content Copyright  © 1997-2012 Zentrum Publishing Home Spiritual Art Gallery Buy a Print Spiritual Inspirations Spiritual WritingsYour comments New Stuff Spiritual Art Blog Tell Your Story Resources Privacy Policy [? ]Subscribe To This Site Self realisation, a major step to happiness Self realisation or getting to the point where we recognise who and what we are is one of our major steps to becoming a happier and more fulfilled person. What does self realisation mean? When we realise what life is about, why we are here, what role we play in life and our purpose in life we are getting close to being self realised. Life is really an educational system to help us become aware of our selves as Soul and the divine qualities we have.We are all Souls here in a physical body learning about ourselves. Firstly we learn how to survive physically. We get to a point where we can get enough food, water, air and space to live and keep our body alive. Once we reach our teenage years we usually have our physical needs taken care of and are aware of what our bodies are capable of. Emotions We also need to take care of our emotional selves and not get too unbalanced in any area. We get our temperament to a point where we are balanced in all our emotions. Our emotions can swing out of balance in a number of areas, such as: Optimism . . Disappointment Love . /. Hate Humility . /. Aggressiveness Courage . /. Fear Happiness . /. Sadness Our emotions are constantly balancing. If we get very happy we’ll have a period of being very sad. If we have a lot of emotional love for some people, we can have a lot of emotional hate for others. Our emotions can burn us if we get out of balance in any area. When we realise how our emotions can affect us and we learn to keep a balance so that we don’t go too far in any area, we begin to become aware of our emotions and are better able to contro l them. MemoriesOur memories can affect us in both a positive and a negative way. If we have memories of how we were treated with love, being given assistance or received a benefit, these can help bring a positive influence to our lives. They can help inspire us and motivate us to achieve something or be of service in some way. On the other hand if we have negative memories of being mistreated, hurt or degraded, these can have a negative impact on our lives. If we focus on these memories, we won’t be able to see the positive sides of life. These negative memories can keep us locked in a negative space for a long time.When we realise the impact of our memories on our lives and we take steps to control what our memory feeds us, we begin to have a more positive life. We have more control over our memories and we select what memories influence us and the decisions we make from day to day based on our memories. Mind Our mind is very often seen as what drives our lives. It seems to be the controller of our lives of how and why we do things. It gets its information from our physical world, our emotions, our memories and its own logical processes. The mind is an excellent tool for helping us survive.It can work out solutions to problems in a logical way, it can make judgments on situations based on our memories and emotions on similar events in the past. For some of us our mind is the controller of our lives. We believe that logic is what controls our world and once everything in our lives is logical we will have control over them. This can work well for some people for a period. However there are other non-logical elements and events which happen in life such as, unusual weather, natural disasters, coincidences, imagination, synchronicity and many other events which cannot be explained by logic.There are also things like new people coming into our lives which upset everything and for some ‘love at first’ sight can really turn their world upside do wn. When we get to the point where we realise our mind is a tool for our use and not the real us, we then begin to let other non logical influences come into our lives and give us direction. A lot of these influences come from our intuition or subconscious. Subconscious If we have been of the opinion that our world runs on logic, we are not going to allow much space for the illogical nudges and messages from our subconscious.Our subconscious often lets itself be known by ‘feelings’, nudges, urges and our intuition. Its messages can be subtle if we are not used to watching for them. We can turn up our awareness of the messages coming from our intuition. We can ask questions or request that we be shown these subtle messages in a clearer form so that we can understand them. Once we get used to receiving these intuitive messages we will begin to realise that they are coming from a higher source and that source is Soul. Soul Soul is the whole objective of our quest for self realisation.When we become aware of ourselves as Soul we have reached the first spiritual objective of our lives. We have realised ourselves. At this point we realise who and what we are. We get some idea of how our lives work and some realisation of what life is about. If just knowing about these various elements within ourselves was enough to achieve self realisation, then because we’ve read about them we should be self realised. Unfortunately it is not that easy. We have to experience each of these states, go through them, understand them and get them into a balanced state before we become self realised.In other words we have to realise each of the lower states individually before we get to total self realisation. It is a process of learning we have to go through. Core Questions Self realisation gives us the answers to a lot of the core questions we ask ourselves, our God, our angels or whatever higher power we refer to in times of anguish and despair. These questions incl ude: Who am I? Why am I here? What is life all about? What is the purpose of life? A lot of us go through life with these questions in the back of their mind but for some people, these questions are to the forefront of their lives.They spend their lives searching for the answers. Some travel to far off places like India and the Himalayas or retreat to nature or explore various spiritual paths. Some people use drugs and alcohol to find an answer to these haunting questions or to quell the burning in their hearts. Self realisation frees us If we can gain some realisation of who we are, how life works and its purpose we will become a little happier. Self realisation frees us from the illusion of having to do what â€Å"they† say or what â€Å"everyone else† is doing. We begin to see how we are individuals, each unique with our own understanding of life and the world.This comes from our experiences in life on all levels including our spiritual life. As we begin to reach se lf realisation, we become more individual and are prepared to step away from the crowd as we realise that what is put forward as good for the crowd, is not always good for us individually. We go it alone on some issues, steering away from what â€Å"everyone† says is â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad†. We see that the social order is good for society in general but its rules, opinions and expectations can damage us individually on a spiritual level.Society doesn’t offer any meaningful answers to our questions. It has the consciousness of the mob because society is made up of Souls ranging in consciousness from animals to saints. We are all looking for the happiness that comes from self realisation but depending on the consciousness of the individual they may use brute force or divine love to achieve it. How to reach Self Realisation? How do we reach self realisation? The good news is that we will reach it at some point in our journey as Soul. As we go through our lives we learn a little every time.We discover that hurting people and ourselves doesn’t bring happiness. We eventually discover that love is the key to bringing happiness into our world. Not just the romantic, emotional love but the selfless love which we give without expecting anything in return. What would love do? A way of achieving this state consciousness is by asking the question, What would love do in this situation? If we were that divine essence Love, what would It do? If we were in love with the person or people involved in the circumstances or the problem which faces us, what would we do?We may not like the answer we receive but the answer will likely solve the problem we are facing and bring a love to all involved. Using Love as the first reason to do anything is an excellent way of getting in touch with our true self, Soul. We as Soul are in a heaven of Love, where Love sustains and maintains us. If we begin to use this Divine Love in our lives in this physical world, we begin to use the same essence that Soul is using all the time. By using this Divine Love and letting It flow into our worlds we begin to pick up more of the wisdom coming from Soul.HU Song Music often brightens our lives when we hear an uplifting piece. There is a song we can sign which can uplift us to the higher, happier part of ourselves, Soul, whenever we sing it. This song is the HU Song. We may have come across it in the word Alleluia, which is a combination of Allah and HU. This HU Song is one of the sounds heard in Soul’s worlds or heavens. By singing it we are tuning into that same heaven and opening ourselves up to Its level. When we are on Its level we can gain insights and inspirations into our current situations.We can also partake in the peace and serenity of Soul and bring a little of it back to our current situation. In this way the HU song bring us wisdom and peace along with the realisation that we are more than our physical world, more than the si tuation we are in physically. Wisdom and guidance of Soul When we reach Self realisation we reconnect with Soul, the true happy part of ourselves. We now have access to the wisdom and guidance of Soul. We now are given insights into why some situations, people, problems, gifts and blessings are in our lives.While our problems and challenges will not disappear, we will have a better understanding of them. With that understanding they are easier to live with. Our attitude changes to a more positive outlook and we take another step upwards in our spiritual growth towards self realisation. Wishing you Soul’s love and self realisation. *Ed Parkinson You’ll find more insights into Self Realisation on the Spiritual Writings page. Share this page: What's This? Enjoy this page? Please pay it forward. Here's how†¦ You are not connected. Please login or register General DiscusssionUniversal LoungeQualities of self-realized peopleShareActions horus horus Posts: 196 Join date: 2011-01-01 Location: Australia Post n °1 Qualities of self-realized people horus on Sat Mar 19, 2011 3:47 am Self-realization is a concept that has become widely popular in the Western and that has great influence from some Eastern religions. For instance, for the Hindu or Bharat religion self-realization refers to a profound spiritual awakening where there is an awakening from an illusory self identify image (Ego), to the true, divine, perfect condition that the individual is. According to Maslow, self realized people share the following qualities: Truth: honest, reality, beauty, pure, clean and unadulterated completeness * Goodness: rightness, desirability, uprightness, benevolence, honesty * Beauty: rightness, form, aliveness, simplicity, richness, wholeness, perfection, completion, * Wholeness: unity, integration, tendency to oneness, interconnectedness, simplicity, organization, structure, order, not dissociated, synergy * Dichotomy-transcendence: acceptance, resolution, int egration, polarities, opposites, contradictions * Aliveness: process, not-deadness, spontaneity, self-regulation, full-functioning * Unique: idiosyncrasy, individuality, non comparability, novelty * Perfection: nothing superfluous, nothing lacking, everything in its right place, just-rightness, suitability, justice * Necessity: inevitability: it must be just that way, not changed in any slightest way * Completion: ending, justice, fulfillment * Justice: fairness, suitability, disinterestedness, non partiality, * Order: lawfulness, rightness, perfectly arranged Simplicity: nakedness, abstract, essential skeletal, bluntness * Richness: differentiation, complexity, intricacy, totality * Effortlessness: ease; lack of strain, striving, or difficulty * Playfulness: fun, joy, amusement * Self-sufficiency: autonomy, independence, self-determining. Happiness and self-realization The concept of self-realization states that it is the ultimate goal of a human being to attain permanent happiness and complete independence and freedom from all worldly bondage, and that true happiness is then the result of self-realization. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-realization  « View previous topic  · View next topic  » Current date/time is Tue Nov 27, 2012 8:19 am Invision | Contact | Report an abuse

Kangaroo Facts

Kangaroo Facts Kangaroos are marsupials that are indigenous to the Australian continent. Their scientific name, Macropus, is derived from two Greek words meaning long foot (makros pous). Their most distinctive characteristics are their large hind legs, long feet, and large tail. Kangaroos are unique in that they are the only animals of their size that use hopping as their primary means of movement. Fast Facts: Kangaroo Scientific Name: MacropusCommon Names: Kangaroo, RooOrder: DiprotodontiaBasic Animal Group: MammalsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large hind legs, long feet, large tail and pouch (females)Size: 3 - 7 feet in heightWeight: 50 - 200 poundsLife Span: 8 - 23 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Forests, plains, savannas, and woodlands in Australia and TasmaniaPopulation: Approximately 40 - 50 millionConservation Status: Least concernFun Fact: Like camels, kangaroos may go for periods of time without drinking water. Description Kangaroos are best known for their powerful hind legs, their large feet, and their long powerful tails. They use their legs and feet to hop around, which is their basic means of locomotion, and their tails for balance. Like other marsupials, females have a permanent pouch for raising their young.  A kangaroos pouch is technically called a marsupium and it performs a number of functions. The female kangaroos breasts, which she uses to nurse her young, are inside her pouch. The pouch also functions similarly to an incubator to allow a joey (baby) to fully develop. Lastly, the pouch has a safety function in that it helps to protect the females young from predators.   Kangaroos are usually between 3 to 7 feet in height. They can weigh up to approximately 200 pounds. Other physical characteristics of kangaroos are their relatively small heads with their large, round ears. Due to their hopping ability, they can leap over long distances. Some males may leap to almost 30 feet in one leap. Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Murramarang National park, New South Wales, Australia.   J and C Sohns/Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Kangaroos live in Australia, Tasmania, and surrounding islands in a variety of habitats such as forests, woodlands, plains, and savannas. Depending on the species, kangaroos occupy different niches in the ecosystem. Diet and Behavior Kangaroos are herbivores and their diet consists mainly of a variety of plants such as grasses, shrubs and flowers. Some species may also eat fungi and moss. Kangaroos live in groups called mobs, also known as troops or herds. These mobs are usually headed by the dominant male in the group.   Similar to cows, kangaroos may regurgitate their food to chew it as cud and then swallow once more. This behavior is much rarer in kangaroos than in ruminant animals. Kangaroo stomachs differ from those of cows and similar animals; while both kangaroos and cows have chambered stomachs, the fermentation process in their respective stomachs is different. Unlike cows, the process in kangaroos doesnt produce as much methane, so kangaroos dont contribute as much to methane emissions globally as cows. Kangaroos are usually active at night and in the early morning hours, but their overall activity pattern is varied. Their rest periods are restricted almost exclusively to a diurnal (during the day) pattern. Similar to camels, they may go for periods of time without drinking water due to their relative inactivity during the day when it is hotter. Since their diet consists of plants, their water needs can be largely satisfied by the water content present in the plants that they eat. Reproduction and Offspring Eastern Grey Kangaroo with Joey in Pouch.   Gary Lewis/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus Kangaroos have a varied breeding season. Reproduction takes place all year long, but the Australian summer months of December to February are the most common. Male kangaroos may flex their muscles to attract females and can fight for the right to breed with females. Females usually produce one baby kangaroo, called a joey. After becoming impregnated, a kangaroo will have her baby after a gestation period of a little longer than a month (approximately 36 days). The baby joey weighs about .03 of an ounce and is less than one inch in length when born, about the size of a grape. After birth, the joey will use its forelimbs to travel through its mothers fur to her pouch, where it will remain for the first few months of its life. After five to nine months, depending on the species, the joey will typically leave the pouch for brief periods of time. After about nine to eleven months, the joey will leave its mothers pouch for good. Females can enter heat after giving birth, so they may become pregnant while a joey is still nursing in her pouch. The developing baby will enter a dormant state that coincides with their older sibling leaving the mothers pouch. When the older sibling leaves the pouch, the mothers body will send hormonal signals to the developing baby so that it will resume its development. A similar process occurs if the mother is pregnant and the older joey dies in her pouch. Conservation Status Kangaroos are designated as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is very abundant and by most estimates, there are more kangaroos in Australia than people. Estimates range from a population of 40 to 50 million kangaroos, which continues to increase. Humans are the main threat to kangaroos since they are hunted for both their meat and their hides. Humans can also contribute to the loss of kangaroo habitat due to land clearing for development. Predator threats include dingos and foxes. Kangaroos use their teeth, claws, and strong hind legs as defense mechanisms against such predators. Species There are four major species of kangaroos. The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is the largest. Males of the species have red/brown fur. Other species include the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), and the antilopine kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus). The eastern grey kangaroo is the second largest species and is known as the great grey species, while the western grey kangaroo is also known as the black-faced kangaroo due to its distinctive facial coloring. The antilopines name means antelope-like and they are found in northern Australia. Some scientists consider there to be six species of kangaroo, including two species of wallaroo (Macropus robustus and Macropus bernardus). Wallaroos are considered to be closely related to both wallabies and kangaroos. Herd of kangaroos at twilight (Coombabah Lake, QLD, Australia).    Kangaroos and Humans Humans and kangaroos have a long and varied interaction pattern with one another. Humans have long used kangaroos for food, clothing, and some types of shelter. Due to their increasing numbers, kangaroos can be viewed as pests, particularly by farmers when kangaroos compete for grazing land. Kangaroos are often present in grasslands and areas that are typical farmland so resource competition may take place. Kangaroos are not typically aggressive when grazing. The situation of farmers seeing kangaroos as pests is similar to how many in the United States may see deer as pests. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Kangaroo. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 11 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/animal/kangaroo.â€Å"Kangaroo Facts!† National Geographic Kids, 23 Feb. 2017, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/kangaroo-facts/.â€Å"Kangaroo Mob.† PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 21 Oct. 2014, www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/kangaroo-mob-kangaroo-fact-sheet/7444/.â€Å"Kangaroo Reproduction.† Kangaroo Facts and Information, www.kangarooworlds.com/kangaroo-reproduction/.

How to Use the Partitive Genitive Case in Latin

How to Use the Partitive Genitive Case in Latin The  genitive case  is most familiar to English speakers as the case in which nouns, pronouns and adjective  express possession, says the clear-thinking  Classics Department  at the Ohio State University. In Latin, it is used to indicate relationships that are most frequently and easily translated into English by the preposition of: love of god, the driver of the bus, the state of the union, the son of God. In all these instances, the prepositional phrase modifies a noun; that is, the prepositional phrase acts like an adjective: love of God equals Gods love equals divine love. Genitive Genetic Relationship The last example shows the genetic relationship that gives the genitive case its name. Linguists who have studied this case have concluded that it is a convenient way of indicating relationships between nouns, or, put in more grammatical terms, the genitive case turns any noun into an adjective. There are several categories of the genitive, depending mainly on their function. The partitive genitive is one of these categories. Partitive Genitive: How It Works The partitive genitive case, or the genitive of the whole, shows the relationship of a part to the whole of which it is part. It starts with a quantity, such as a numeral, nothing (nihil), something (aliquid), enough (satis) and the like.  This quantity is part of a whole, which is expressed by a noun in the genitive case. The simplest example is  pars civitatis   part of the state. Here, of course, the state (civitas) is the whole, and this party is the part (pars). This [is] a useful reminder that the English expression all of the state is  not  partitive, since all is not a part; consequently, you cannot use the genitive in Latin here, only an adjective:  omnis civitas, says OSU. If you have a part of something, the thing  thats the whole is in the genitive case. The fractional part can be a pronoun, adjective, noun or numeral designating quantity, with a noun or pronoun showing the whole to which the some (or many, etc.) belongs. Most of the following examples show the part in the nominative case. The whole is in the genitive since it signifies of the whole. The English translation may or may not have a word like of marking the genitive case. Partitive Genitive: Examples satis temporis   enough of time or enough time.nihil clamoris   none of the shouting or no shoutingnihil strepitus   none of the noise or no noisetertia pars solis   the third part of the sunquorum primus ego  sum   of whom I am chiefquinque millia hominum   five thousand [of the] menprimus omnium   first of all (with omnium in the genitive plural)quis mortalium   who of mortals (with mortalium in the genitive plural)nihil odii   nothing of hatred (with odii in the genitive singular)tantum laboris   so much work (with laboris in the genitive singular) vs. tantus labor so great a labor which has no genitive and therefore is not the partitive genitivequantum voluptatis   how much delight (with voluptatis in the genitive singular)

Moving a business to Nigeria. Political and Legal, Demographics, Essay

Moving a business to Nigeria. Political and Legal, Demographics, Culture And Human Development Index - Essay Example The following paper discusses the many challenges of shifting business to Nigeria and recommends solutions to the soaring labor costs and increasing competition. Information regarding Nigeria’s demographic, economic, cultural, political and developmental situation has been analyzed leading to the decision that the company should continue to produce and sell in the US and not do any kind of business in Nigeria. Demographics of Nigeria Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. In July 2012, Nigeria was estimated to record a population of 170,123,740 people (Akinpelu 7). This translates to a population density of 184. 52 compared to 33. 114 people per square kilometer in USA (Hamilton and Webster 51). This indicates that Nigeria's resources, especially land, are quite strained. Such a high population density indicates poor planning and possibility of a nation not being able to sustain itself. Although the high population may indicate availability of cheap labor, lack of suf ficient funds from the government towards education leads to lack of quality human resource. This is not good for business and thus, it would not be advisable to move a business from New York to Nigeria on the basis of high population densities. In fact, USA has a population higher than that of Nigeria making it a larger market amidst growing competition in the business of manufacturing motorized scooters. There are 250 ethnic groups in Nigeria divided almost equally between Christianity and Islam. Religious differences have seen a history of intense religious clashes between Muslims and Christians causing poor business environments. On 20th June 2012, Red Cross estimated that 80 had been killed in Kaduna due to a Muslim-Christian conflict. To curb language barriers, English is used as the official language. The literacy level in Nigeria is estimated to be 78% compared to 99% for USA (Hamilton and Webster 73). This gives USA an upper hand while using these figures to compare quality of workforce between the two countries. Culture Being an African country, Nigeria has deep roots in its culture. With over 50 languages being spoken by the 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria’s culture is quite diversified and thus complex to generalize. This may not be good for business since it is complex to familiarize a business with the many cultures in Nigeria. Nigeria’s is however rapidly changing into a modernized country as a result of the rise of its movie industry known as Nollywood in the global market (Akinpelu 24). This shows that Nigerians are hardworking and creative relative to many countries in Africa but certainly not the USA which has the biggest and most developed movie industry in the world. USA’s culture is modernized and more uniform compared to that of Nigeria (Hamilton and Webster 93). USA’s culture is more liberal as compared to Nigeria hence making it easier to accommodate change as a strategy in business. Culture is an important facto r while considering modes of marketing in order to reach and convince a larger audience. Human Development Index Human development index is important in determining how developed a country is. This index captures information about life expectancy, education, literacy, quality of life and standards of living. With the inclusion of all the above determinants of human development index, we can comfortably classify countries as underdeveloped, developing or developed. Nigeria’s HDI was estimated to be 0.459 and thus classified as having low human development. USA’s HDI is classified as very high ranking 3rd globally with a figure of 0.910 (Hamilton and Webster 49). This makes US a better region to nature one’s business compared to Nige